Changes in carotenoids and ABA content in Citrus leaves in response to girdling

The effect of girdling on abscisic acid, carotenoids content, xanthophylls cycle and non-photoquemical quenching was studied in leaves from different shoot types of containerized two-year-old ‘Loretina’ mandarin during spring flush period. Girdling increased abscisic acid in young leaves and decreased it in mature leaves. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in leaf carotenoids, carotenoids:chlorophylls ratio, xanthophylls and xanthophylls cycle pool size and its de-epoxidation state in vegetative and multiflowered young leafy shoots. However, changes in de-epoxidation state did not correlate with the energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching. The role of carotenoids and abscisic acid as photoprotecting agents during the oxidative stress caused by girdling is discussed. In conclusion, this study provides evidence linking carotenoids-based photoprotecting mechanisms in the response to the stress induced by girdling in Citrus trees.     

HPLC quantification of coumarin in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae)

Coumarin occurs in many plants used as flavoring and is known to possess hepatotoxic effects. Despite in the EFSA ‘Compendium of botanicals containing toxic substances’ coumarin is reported to be present in Melittis melissophyllum (bastard balm), a plant traditionally used as beverage in Italy and Serbia, to the best of our knowledge quantitative data has never been reported. Thus, the amount of coumarin in bastard balm leaves and its variation during the annual phenological cycle were determined. The subsp. melissophyllum resulted to contain high levels of coumarin (14,392 mg/kg), mainly in the early stages of the plant cycle, suggesting prudence in its use as beverage. Furthermore, coumarin was found to be useful as marker compound to differentiate the bastard balm subspecies occurring in Italy, since the subsp. albida contained a much lower content of this molecule (19–34 mg/kg).     

与生长激素相关的高等植物细胞周期生化调控

高等植物细胞周期是细胞生物学上的重要研究领域。细胞周期受遗传和发育影响因素的调控。本文综述高等植物细胞周期中涉及到细胞周期关卡GO-G1-S期和G2-M期的激素调控。最新研究成果证明玉米素、腺嘌呤、激动素、赤霉素和脱落酸等通过细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶及细胞周期关卡的脱磷酸化控制细胞周期。植物D-型细胞周期蛋白也已被证明在细胞周期调控中起关键作用。本文有关细胞周期的研究综述对植物细胞和发育生物学研究有参考价值。图3参61。     

光箨篌竹立竹度,轮伐期试验研究

对光箨篌竹林立竹度、轮伐期的试验研究结果表明,其最佳立竹度为3500株/0.07hm~2,合理的伐期为1a,这样,不但能提高单位面积1年生竹产量与质量,同时还能较大地提高竹材产出量。     

实现社会循环经济必须大力发展县域生态经济

文章分析了生态经济与循环经济发展的原理,阐述了县域生态经济的发展思路。提出了发展循环经济必须大力发展县域生态经济,县域生态经济发展是实现"生态文明"的基础产业支柱,是建立和谐生态循环经济的前提和保障,是加快县域经济发展的有效途径。     

油茶根腐病发生规律和综合防治研究

油茶根腐病是油茶林的新病害，植株自发病至死亡为２～３年，其病菌为根际土壤习居菌，喜酸性和较低温度，病菌侵入植株的途径主要是伤口，潜育期２０ｄ左右．防治本病的关键是保护幼树根颈部及主根不受伤害，加强管理，增强树势．此外，用熟石灰在根际处与表土层拌匀覆盖和用多菌灵、退菌特等杀菌剂及时进行防治，并辅以营林技术措施治理，可收到良好的防治效果．     

木瓜榕的性表达和繁殖特点

木瓜榕雌雄异株,种群内一年四季均挂有果实,果量雌多雄少,其中雌树有2次显著的挂果高峰,占了全年挂果量的80％;雄树挂果多集中在10月至下一年的3月份。木瓜榕隐头花果发育进程中,在间花期雌雄果明显分异,雄果发育期长,74％的隐头果能正常成熟;雌果完成生活周期所需时间短,发育中落果率较高,仅22％的隐头果能成功生产种子。木瓜榕隐头果还受5种非传粉小蜂的作用,它们寄生于传粉小蜂或者与之竞争资源,进而影响到寄主木瓜榕的传粉授精和种子生产。     

海南霸王岭热带山地雨林森林循环与群落特征研究

以海南霸王岭1hm^2热带山地雨林的网格样方调查数据为基础，首先对全林分的群落特征进行了分析，然后以森林循环理论为指导，研究了热带山地雨林的种群与群落特征。结果表明：热带山地雨林中不同生活型的树种在利用垂直和水平生态资源上是相对分离的，绝大部分的灌木或小乔木树种的水平生态位宽度较大，垂直生态位宽度较小，中、大乔木则正好相反，而那些低密度、稀有种的生态位宽度最小。随森林循环过程的进行，各树种在不同阶段斑块内出现的频度也会发生相应的变化。霸王岭热带山地雨林中占优势的乔灌木树种大都呈聚集分布的格局，个体数中等的树种大都呈均匀分布的格局，而那些个体数少的低密度种则大都呈随机分布的格局。随着森林循环过程的推进，每个树种所拥有的个体数和所占据的面积是逐渐减少的。森林循环不同阶段内的树种数随着个体数的增加呈现出逐渐减少的总趋势，尤其是由单个体和双个体所对应的物种数较多，3个以上个体对应的树种数则呈现出明显的下降。不同斑块之间组成相似性的大小在一定程度上表明了热带山地雨林森林循环斑块动态的连续性，相邻阶段斑块之间的相似性大于不相邻阶段斑块。以森林循环阶段为基础计算的生态位宽度表明，热带山地雨林中大部分低密度的树种或只集中分布在森林循环的少数阶段斑块内的树种对不同阶段斑块的生态资源利用较少，而那些在森林循环的不同阶段都出现，且个体数或断面积中等的树种，对森林循环不同阶段斑块的生态资源利用较大。     

The biochemical control of the cell cycle by growth regulators in higher plants

The cell cycle is an important research field in cell biology and it is genetically and developmentally regulated in animals and plants. The aim of this study was to review knowledge about the biochemical regulation of the cell cycle by plant growth regulators through molecular checkpoints that regulate the transition from G0-G1-S-phase and G2-M in higher plants.Recent research has shown that zeatin treatment led to the up-regulation of CycD3 in Arabidopsis. Benzyladenine treatment can also shorten the duration of S-phase through recruitment of latent origins of DNA replication. Kinetin is involved in the phosphoregulation of the G2-M checkpoint; the major cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) at this checkpoint has recently shown to be dephosphorylated as a result of cytokinin treatment, an effect that can also be mimicked by the fission yeast Cdc25 phosphatase. Gibberellic acid (GA) treatment induces internode elongation in deepwater rice, this response is mediated by a GA-induced up-regulation of a cyclin-Cdk at the G2-M checkpoint. Recent evidence has also linked abscisic acid to a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. A new D-type cyclin, recently discovered in Arabidopsis may have a key role in this process. A brief review on plant growth regulator-cell cycle interfacing during development and a cytokinin-induced continuum of cell cycle activation through the up-regulation of a plant D-type cyclin at the G1 checkpoint and the phosphoregulation of the Cdk at the G2/M checkpoint had been concluded. This review could be valuable to research on cell and developmental biology in plants.